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Columbite-tantalite
— coltan for short — is a dull metallic ore found in major
quantities in the eastern areas of Congo. When refined, coltan
becomes metallic tantalum, a heat-resistant powder that can hold a
high electrical charge. These properties make it a vital element in
creating capacitors, the electronic elements that control current
flow inside miniature circuit boards.
Coltan is mined through a fairly primitive process similar to how gold was mined in California during the 1800s. Dozens of men work together digging large craters in streambeds, scraping away dirt from the surface in order to get to the coltan underground.
Coltan mining is very well paid in Congo terms. The average
Congolese worker makes $10 a month, while a coltan miner can make
anywhere from $10 to $50 a week.