Horse mackerel, also known as scad or jack mackerel, refers to several species of fish belonging to the Trachurus genus within the Carangidae family. Here are some key points about horse mackerel:

1. Appearance: Horse mackerel typically have elongated, torpedo-shaped bodies with a silver-colored belly and blue-green to greenish-grey back. They have prominent scales and a deeply forked tail. Some species may have distinct dark spots or markings along their sides.

2. Habitat: Horse mackerel are found in oceans around the world, primarily in coastal and offshore waters. They prefer temperate to subtropical climates and are often found near the surface in schools, feeding on small fish, plankton, and crustaceans.

3. Diet: Horse mackerel are carnivorous fish that feed on a variety of small marine organisms, including fish larvae, shrimp, krill, and small fish. They are opportunistic feeders and are known for their voracious appetites.

4. Commercial Importance: Horse mackerel are commercially important fish species, both for human consumption and as bait for recreational fishing. They are often caught using purse seine nets, trawls, and trolling lines. Horse mackerel are commonly canned, smoked, or frozen for preservation and distribution to markets worldwide.

5. Culinary Uses: Horse mackerel has a rich, flavorful flesh with a moderate to high oil content. It can be cooked using a variety of methods, including grilling, baking, frying, and smoking. Horse mackerel is popular in cuisines around the world and is often served as a main course or used in salads, soups, and stews.

6. Nutritional Value: Horse mackerel is a good source of high-quality protein, omega*3 fatty acids, vitamins (such as vitamin D and vitamin B*2), and minerals (such as selenium and phosphorus). It is low in calories and saturated fat, making it a nutritious option for incorporating seafood into your diet.

7. Sustainability: Sustainable fishing practices are important for managing horse mackerel populations and maintaining healthy marine ecosystems. Fishing regulations and quotas help ensure that horse mackerel stocks are harvested at sustainable levels to prevent overfishing and maintain long-term viability.